Nappy, free stock imagery Free stock videos Have fun browsing the various sections, from people and food to travel and animals. Promising thousands of free and high-resolution stock images and videos, ISO is a one-stop-shop for all your visual needs. Bring us mountains, beaches and lakes galore! 10. Created by Adrian Pelletier, a graphic designer and self-taught front-end developer. Free Nature StockĪnother royalty-free CC0 resource with a particular focus on nature stock photos and videos. You never know when you might need a black and white 100-year-old cityscape or portraits from another era. This does exactly what it says on the tin: vintage photos from the public archives, free of known copyright restrictions and with the aim of recapturing history. From categories such as fitness and beauty to business, sign language and nature, there are also textures and backgrounds available, so there is plenty to play with. BurstĪ super resource courtesy of Shopify, Burst brings you free, high-resolution images for your projects. Royalty-free photographs by subject, photographer, or even camera – all completely free to download and use for either personal or commercial use. There are some really decent choices via Unsplash. UnsplashĪnother stock photo site powered by a friendly community of photographers, all uploading free stock pics for you to download and use. ![]() This site has a real community behind it, so add it to your list today. We love checking out the leaderboard to see which users have had the most views of their photos and videos in the last 30 days. PexelsĪ favourite stand-out resource of ours is Pexels, which offers free stock photos, royalty-free and shared by other creators. At the time of writing, it seems anything to do with beauty and nature is proving popular with the creative community. It's always interesting to see what photographs are "trending". One of the originals and still one of the best, StockSnap continues to expand its most excellent range of free stock imagery. We especially like the background imagery – plenty to choose from. A handy category list and search box help you narrow down what you need. Promising stock photos by a "movie-scale crew", Moose brings you options of people, ethnicity, style, fashion and more. An essential resource for any creative, all of Nappy's images are licensed under the Creative Commons Zero agreement, giving you peace of mind. Offering a mix of "beautiful photos of black and brown people, for free", Nappy was founded to address the traditional stock photo sites that were once lacking in diversity. But designers, ensure you keep a record of where you sourced each stock picture from for future reference. Here are our favourite free stock image sites to browse and enjoy. Shots of people in various situations or city landscapes can add that extra something. Free stock imagesĪs any graphic designer will tell you, some projects are not complete until there is some decent accompanying photography. Add this page to your bookmarks, so you can always have it ready. For now, here are our fresh suggestions to help you enjoy a budget-conscious but super creative 2022. ![]() We'll update this essential list of free resources as and when we can. We've even shared recommended free mockups to help you showcase your completed work.Īnd if that wasn't enough, we've taken the time to pull together some design inspiration resources, so if you ever get stuck and need to spark an idea, you'll have a whole list of decent platforms to visit and peruse. There's also free typography to polish off those designs and special tools to help you get there. ![]() We really hope this classification was helpful and you will find the perfect vector graphics for your next project.We're talking the highest quality, non-cheesy stock imagery and videos, illustration templates when you sadly can't afford anything bespoke, and millions of icons to serve just about any purpose. These 17 sources for free vector images for commercial use offer different levels of permissions depending on what you need. *Find permitted and prohibited uses on License Policy page. Use in Digital Products: Yes, with Commercial and Ultimate licenses / exceptions apply*.Use in Physical Products: Yes, with Commercial and Ultimate licenses / exceptions apply*.Commercial Use: Yes, with Commercial and Ultimate licenses.Perfect to use in presentations, educational materials and videos, as well as print or digital marketing campaigns. You will find each in an array of poses – whether expressing emotions, performing activities, or interacting with objects. The quality of the vector images on the site is really high and the characters are pretty versatile. is a resource of premium vector cartoon characters, each prepared in over 100 poses.
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![]() Not with Stereo Savage because it already includes both features. They are typically absent from plugins that expand audio in most cases, a second plugin must be powered to perform the metering. It’s not optional to have a phase correlator. When discussing stereo width, a stereo imager’s goniometer is a must-have accessory. ![]() Now that we have some idea about how stereo imaging works let’s look at the 10 of the best stereo widening plugins in 2023. The ideal mix has a good relationship between all sounds, and that includes spatial balance. You’ll only get clean wide sounds in a mix if a contrasting mono sound accompanies it. If you’ve widened all elements in your mix, the lack of contrast will make it sound surprisingly less wide. For example, if you place the hi-hat on the left side, place a Left/Right equalizer on the rest of the mix, and attenuate the higher frequencies on the right side. When you use an Equalizer in the Left / Right and Mid/ Side modes to manage the frequency information in the stereo image, you’ll have fantastic results. Percussion can give good results if you pan it in many directions. For example, you can set a snare’s lower frequency at the center and spread the higher frequencies. Pads, pianos, and keys can provide excellent results when completely widened. Kicks, subs, and basses benefit from staying in the stereo image’s center. Remember to apply it gradually and smoothly.Ī general rule of thumb is that the higher the signal is in the frequency spectrum, the wider you can set it. For instance, if you look at iZotope’s Ozone Imager mastering manual, you’ll find that the plugin only widens a little value in the high-end bands while leaving the bottom-end untouched. It’s vital to understand that the signal’s width expands at the cost of phase coherency overdoing it will make your sound thinner and weaker in mono. Stereo widening is a powerful tool, and it can backfire quickly. Hence, monitoring on professional headphones or studio monitors will give you much better results. Commercial hi-fi speakers and headsets color your sound by adding stereo width, bass, and so on. Furthermore, use the A/B function, commonly present in these plugins, to get a gist of what’s changing in the mix.Įven with diligence and plugins, you can only get so far if your speakers or headphones aren’t up to the task. Use pan and spatial width regularly and note the slight differences. The most reliable tool in your arsenal is your ears, so make sure to prioritize the information they are getting more than the visual content seen in the stereo width plugin. This visual display is an excellent tool for understanding the principles of pan and width and how they relate to stereo imaging. Many plugins like Ozone Imager by iZotope feature detailed visual feedback of the stereo content regarding the signal’s source location, size, and intensity. We use this technique to control the audio immersion. It can be either on the left, right, or center directions of the stereo image, and settings of depth and width also help position the sound closer or further. Stereo Imaging is the act of digitally placing a sound source somewhere in the sensed space. UAD Precision K-Stereo Ambience Recoveryħ Readings that you may like: What is Stereo Imaging? In a nutshell, here are the best stereo imaging plugins in 2023:ġ0. However, even with many methods and techniques, some artifacts and obstacles, such as phasing issues, can slow your progress of getting wide sounds in a mix. If both left and right channels feature different outputs, the sound is in stereo.Īnother technique uses delay techniques to achieve a widening effect, popularly known as the Haas effect when one channel’s signal is delayed compared to the other. For instance, the popular panning method changes the amplitude levels on the left and right channels. There are more than a handful of ways to manipulate the stereo field. ![]() Today, you’ll discover the best stereo imaging plugins as of 2023 to add some life and width to your mixes! What do we know about the main character up to this point in the book?Īre there any themes that have consistently come up throughout the book? If so, what do they mean? What kind of relationship do these two characters share? Why did the author begin the book at that location? The following are examples of questions you could pose as you read: It can also broaden your overall understanding of what you are reading by enabling you to explore themes, motifs and other components of text that you otherwise wouldn’t inquire about. Come up with questions about the text you are readingĪsking questions about what you are reading can help improve your reading comprehension by allowing you to become invested in the text. Read more: 10 Easy Ways to Improve Your Vocabulary Skills 2. Make a list of unfamiliar words as you read and look them up in the dictionary Read as much as possible to improve your ability to guess what a word means in a certain context Make a point to use newly learned words in verbal and written communication Use flashcards to quiz yourself on words you don’t know once or twice a week Take an online vocabulary quiz to assess your current level of vocabulary understanding Knowing what the words you are reading mean can improve your ability to comprehend the meaning of the text. The following are seven simple strategies you can use to work on your comprehension skills: 1. The more you practice, the better you will become at understanding what you are reading. There are several reading strategies that you can begin implementing today to improve your reading comprehension skills. Related: The Value of Increasing Your Business Vocabulary 7 strategies to improve your reading comprehension skills Increased ability to focus on reading for an extended periodīetter enjoyment of and motivation to read The ability to comprehend and engage in current events that are in written form such as newspapers Improved your ability to write clearly and effectively Knowing how to understand a text can help boost your knowledge in certain areas and help you learn new skills and information faster.Īdditional benefits of good reading comprehension skills include:īeing able to understand, analyze and respond to documents and written communication in the workplace Being able to effectively read can improve both your personal and professional life and can increase your overall enjoyment of reading. Reading comprehension is important for several reasons and can provide many benefits. Why are reading comprehension skills important? Vocabulary knowledge is the ability to understand the language being used, while text comprehension is using this language to develop an awareness of what the meaning is behind the text. There are two components of reading comprehension: text comprehension and vocabulary knowledge. By being able to comprehend what you are reading, you can extract meaning from the text and better realize what the author is trying to convey. ![]() This is an intentional and active part of reading and takes place before, during and after you read something. Reading comprehension is the ability to comprehend or understand, what you are reading. In this article, we will explore what reading comprehension is and the best strategies you can use to advance your reading skills. By learning and implementing reading strategies and changing how you read, you can improve your reading comprehension abilities and make reading easier and more enjoyable. When you read, strive to understand and extract meaning for better overall awareness of what you are reading. Comprehension is an important aspect of reading. It supports all global currencies, 200 to be precise, and includes Bitcoin, Litecoin, and Ethereum. The app updates exchange rates every second. Users can check historic graphics from 2011, convert currencies instantly, and view important news about the fluctuation in international exchange rates. Easy Currency Converter – Convenient App for Quick ConversionsĮasy Currency Converter allows users to set a custom personal currency list. It works offline, so users can convert to multiple currencies in one go, even in airplane mode.ĭownload Currency Converter Plus: Android – iOS 3. ![]() Users can get instant conversion rates with custom fields, live charts, and a history of conversion from 1 week to 1 year. Learn everything you need to know about the types of Currency Converter App And this 4.8 rating on Google Play and the App store is evidential of its exceptional user experience. It already has more than 5M downloads on the Google Play store. ![]() It has a robust backend with a trademarked API called AccuRate to offer the most accurate exchange rates. It shows real-time and cached exchange rates for 170 currencies, bitcoin and precious metals like gold and platinum. Currency Converter Plus – Exceptional User ExperienceĬurrency Converter Plus gives us major programming goals because of its strong Android and iOS app development architecture. Users can set their target mid-market rates and receive real-time updates when their currencies go close to the target rates.ĭownload Xe Currency Converter: Android – iOS 2. Users can view conversion rates for almost 10 years of historical data.īuilding onto its money transfer options, users can quickly create an account, add unlimited participants, confirm real-time exchange rates, send out in whichever currency they like and track their payments. On the analysis part, the Xe Currency Converter app has options for graphical representations. Users leveraging the app for global money transfers can switch tasks and app screens in the middle of their transfers and pick up where they left off. Currently, Xe Converter shows exchange rates for around 130 currencies. In terms of user experience, Xe Currency Converter sets the bar high with its minutest details. Considering its list of features, it’s not only the best currency converter app on this but an exemplary fintech app with 10 million downloads on Google Play. Xe Currency Converter is an all-in-one solution for users who would like exchange rates, money transfers, rate alerts, analytics and payment trackers altogether. ![]() Without further ado, here is a list of the top 10 currency converter apps for Android, iPhone, Smartwatch and Windows. ![]() We have compiled this article with the top 10 currency apps with different features, from money transfers to sale alerts to on-the-go forex evaluation.įor like-minded users interested in launching a profitable currency converter app, the article concludes with a quick rundown of how these apps make money and how you can make good money through an app. While mobile apps have revolutionized almost every aspect of personal and professional lives, financial management is a domain that has hit the market big. Fintech apps have not only automated the delivery of such services but have eased money transfers, wealth advisory, and portfolio evaluation. One such function is forex rates evaluation, and having a currency converter app on your phone helps with that too. can be individuals or businesses keen to operate in the area of risk capital.When they invest, they take on part of the risk of growing a new business. They're usually involved in the business, either directly or as a mentor. 'Business angels' invest in new or expanding businesses. multi-skilling (for example, the CEO is also the cleaner).use of networks – the product or service works well through direct sales and contacts.use of credit cards and reliance on advances from customers.minimal overheads (for example, operating from home).For this reason, it suits those that want to hit the ground running and take quick advantage of market opportunities.Ī bootstrapped business is characterised by: The nature of bootstrapping means businesses can become operational very quickly – for example, one person operating out of a spare room or garage. The business might attract capital from larger investors once it has grown and positioned itself. It suits very small businesses that initially can't attract venture capital because of their size. Our page on crowdfunding and crowd-sourced funding explains some of the tax and legal implications, as well as the need to budget before you start:īootstrapping is where a small business finances its operations itself without borrowing large amounts of cash. have less than $25 million in assets and annual revenueĬSF was introduced to Australia on 29 September 2017 and is regulated by the Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC).don't have listings on a stock exchange such as Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) or Chi‑X.are a new and existing Australian public company seeking funding by issuing ordinary shares.People who contribute money can invest up to $10,000 in exchange for shares in the business.Įligible companies can raise up to $5 million per year using CSF, as long as they: In CSF, eligible start-ups and small and medium-sized businesses can raise money from the public to start or grow their business or pay of debts. Crowd-sourced fundingĬrowd-sourced funding (CSF) is different from the donation or reward-based crowdfunding. Visit Pozible for an overview of what crowdfunding is and how it works. ![]() In platforms such as Pozible, contributors only pay the amount they've pledged if the campaign reaches its target.Ĭrowdfunding is a great option if you've already got strong networks and want to build loyalty before you start. In most cases, money is raised through fundraising websites, such as Pozible or Equitise. For example, an entrepreneur might launch a campaign for a new product where contributions of a certain amount will receive the product if the campaign is successful. Sometimes it's a donation, other times it's in exchange for a good, service or equity. ![]() CrowdfundingĬrowdfunding involves asking members of the public to contribute money towards a one-off project. One of the following resources may work better for you and your business. The bank isn't your only source of finance. ![]() Williams, have developed a small Python script called pygeoip and released it under the GPL license that enables us to input an IP address and output this critical information. All we need to find the location of the IP is a program to read this data. Although slightly less accurate than the commercial version, the price is certainly right. MaxMind also gives away a free developers version of this database without any software or tools to read it. ![]() Their software has a beautiful front end that makes querying the database easy enough that even Windows or Mac users can manage. MaxMind charges a $370 site license and $90/month (or $1360/year) for updates to this database. This database is not in a typical relational database format, but rather in a flat file. Now you can find the location of that IP address without a subpoena or search warrant.Ī company called MaxMind maintains a database of the location of every IP address on the planet complete with GPS coordinates, area code, zip code, and country. Or, maybe you are a forensic investigator tracking down a suspect who wrote a threatening email or hacked someone's company. Or, maybe you have the IP address of someone you are corresponding with and want to make certain they are where they say they are. ![]() Have you ever wondered where the physical location of an IP address is? Maybe you want to know if that proxy server you are using is actually out of your local legal jurisdiction. Wilmarth’s investigation leads him to a discovery of horrors quite beyond anything he ever imagined, and ends in a desperate attempt to escape the remote New England hills with his life and sanity intact. Horror and science fiction collide in the adventure of Albert Wilmarth, a folklore professor at Miskatonic University, as he investigates legends of strange creatures rumored to dwell in the most remote mountains of Vermont. Lovecraft Historical Society expands on Lovecraft's original tale while still bringing you unparalleled authenticity. Using its Mythoscope™ process - a mix of vintage and modern techniques - the H.P. Lovecraft's iconic genre-bending tale of suspense and alien terrors is brought to life in the style of the classic horror films of the 1930s like Frankenstein, Dracula and King Kong. Lovecraft's weird tale of ALIEN HORROR comes to VIVID LIFE. Wilmarth’s investigation leads him to a discovery of horrors quite beyond anything he ever imagined, and ends in a desperate attempt to escape the remote New England hills with his life and sanity intact.". Horror and science fiction collide in the adventure of Albert Wilmarth, a folklore professor at Miskatonic University, as he investigates legends of strange creatures rumored to dwell in the most remote mountains of Vermont. The Whisperer in Darkness 2011, 1h 44min - Sci-Fi, Horror Written in 1931, H.P. Lovecraft Historical Society expands on Lovecraft's original tale while still bringing you unparalleled authenticity. Lovecraft's iconic genre-bending tale of suspense and alien terrors is brought to life in the style of the classic horror films of the 1930s like Frankenstein, Dracula and King Kong. Folklore professor Albert Wilmarth investigates legends of strange creatures in the most remote hills of Vermont. Lovecraft’s classic tale of alien horror bursts onto the screen in the style of the classic horror films of the 1930s. Using its Mythoscope™ process - a mix of vintage and modern techniques - the H.P. The Whisperer in Darkness (2011) HD Horror 1 Hour 43 Minutes 2013 4.8 6 Ratings Celebrated author H.P. ![]() You probably already know what the movie's about, but just in case. Released March 15th, 2012, 'The Whisperer in Darkness' stars Stephen Blackehart, Matt Foyer, Barry Lynch, Annie Abrams The movie has a runtime of about 1 hr 44 min, and received a user score of 66 (out of 100) on TMDb, which collated reviews from 67 respected users. The Whisperer in Darkness 2007 1 h 45 m IMDb RATING 5. Now, before we get into the various whats and wheres of how you can watch 'The Whisperer in Darkness' right now, here are some finer points about the science fiction flick. Below, you'll find a number of top-tier streaming and cable services - including rental, purchase, and subscription options - along with the availability of 'The Whisperer in Darkness' on each platform when they are available. Lovecrafts classic tale of alien horror bursts onto the screen in the style of the classic horror films of the 1930s. Want to watch ' The Whisperer in Darkness' in the comfort of your own home? Discovering a streaming service to buy, rent, download, or watch the Sean Branney-directed movie via subscription can be a challenge, so we here at Moviefone want to do the heavy lifting. The Whisperer in Darkness (244) 6.6 1 h 13+ Celebrated author H.P. ![]() To convert YouTube videos from one format to another, take Online-Convert into consideration. But they are enough to use.Ĭonvert music from YouTube to iTunes in Anyhing2mp3 #3. Not so many file formats are supported.Convert YouTube and Vemo videos to audio file easily.After a while, you can download the music to your computer and transfer it to iTunes. ![]() What you need to do is paste the link from the YouTube videos you want to save, modify output format and bitrate, and start conversion. You don't even have to download the YouTube videos before transcoding. Anything2Mp3Īnything2MP3 is probably the best free and online conversion tool to turn music from YouTube to iTunes. Convert music from YouTube to iTunes in VideoProc Converter #2. Now please click on the RUN button to start change the downloaded video or audio file into iTunes compatible one. If your machine has installed a GPU, VideoProc Converter will automatically notice it and enable the GPU encoding, which can reduce conversion time dramatically. Select a target format (MP4, WAV, MP3, OR M4A) at the lower toolbar or from the preset library. Besides, you can allow to drag a file or folder from the desktop to VideoProc Converter to import files. At the upper toolbar, select to add either a media file or a folder. If you cannot find the video or music file format which is compatible with iTunes, now please back to VideoProc Converter homepage and click Video, which will lead you to the video editing and converting page. And then just click on the Download now button to start.ĭownload YouTube video in VideoProc Downloader At the right corner, please choose the output path. Analyze URL in VideoProc Converter Downloader Lastly, choose the Download Selected Videos button. If you cannot find the format compatible with iTunes, please just choose one randomly, and we will tell you how to change it to the compatible one later. But what if there is no such format showing there? Well, it can happen. Have no idea of what formats iTunes supports? iTunes can read MP3, AIFF, WAV, MPEG-4, AAC and Apple Lossless (.m4a). Since our mission is get the files into iTunes, we prefer the formats which are compatible with iTunes. You need to choose one or more formats to download. After it finishes the searching, all possible results would be displayed on the page. ![]() Then click the Analyze button, and VideoProc Converter will start searching for all media information about this URL. Now please copy the YouTube video URL and paste it into the box. Choose Add Video in VideoProc Converter Downloader In the Downloader page, select Add Video menu. Launch VideoProc Converter on your computer and choose the Downloader feature. Built-in video editing tools: cut, trim, split, merge, crop, rotate, subtitle, stabilization…ĭownload it now, and we will show you how to use it for YouTube to iTunes conversion.įor mobile users, click here > How to Use VideoProc Converter for Converting YouTube to iTunes on Mac and Windows.Hardware encoding: conversion speed is up to 47x faster.It can handle tons of media files at the same time. Support a wide range of file formats like MP4, MOV, H.264, HEVC, AV1, MP3, M4A, AAC, FLAC, etc.Less noted but equally important, VideoProc Converter allows you to make conversion with the less quality loss. And you can regulate the media settings like bitrate, resolution, audio channels, etc. If you know a little about file conversion, you can use the render presets that automatically configure for your output file. Besides, it is also good at converting between almost any media formats. VideoProc Converter is a simple and nifty application to download any video files from YouTube, as well as many other platforms. YouTube to iTunes Overview of 6 Best YouTube to iTunes ConvertersĦ. However, how can we make it? In the following content, we have carefully gathered 6 working and easy methods to convert YouTube to iTunes that is worth trying. If you would like to listen to them on the go using Apple devices, downloading them into iTunes and syncing to the devices can be a great solution. Some music and videos aren't available due to copyright, distribution region, etc. ![]() Some information are also collected in order to ensure, as much as possible, that the collected data correspond to the same specifications over time. Time and effort is devoted to keeping the specifications constant such that only the pure changes in price are tracked. Records that fail these edits are reviewed for editing and correction when necessary or edit failure may trigger a follow-up with the respondent. View the Questionnaire(s) and reporting guide(s)Įrror detection is conducted at the time of data collection and also during post collection processing, using a set of systematized error detection procedures to identify outliers and possible reporting anomalies. Currently, it takes respondents an average of 30 minutes to complete the survey. Information about the time it takes respondents to complete the survey questionnaire is collected and monitored closely. In the case of late respondents, several follow-up contacts can be made including sending out a reminder email to obtain a response. ![]() Subsequent contacts with the respondent take place when questionnaires are late or the responses provided require clarification. ![]() This process typically spans several collection cycles until respondents become conversant with the survey.ĭuring the collection process, an email invitation is sent to the respondent inviting them to log in and complete the questionnaire. During this initial phase of data collection, respondents are guided through the process of selecting representative products for which prices will be monitored. Data sourcesĭata collection for this reference period: to ĭata are collected directly from survey respondents.įollowing sample selection, new survey participants (respondents) are introduced to the survey through telephone calls. The target sample size is 600 establishments. This is a sample survey with a cross-sectional design and a longitudinal follow-up. The questionnaire used for the ASPI was developed in consultation with accounting firms across Canada and with the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants (CICA) of Quebec. This is done to reduce response burden on smaller firms. The target population differs from the survey population in that businesses with an annual revenue less than $50,000, as identified on Statistics Canada's Business Register, are excluded from the survey population. 541215 - Bookkeeping, payroll and related services 541212 - Accounting services or offices of accountants There are three (3) industries classified under NAICS 5412 and from which the ASPI will collect data these are: The target population consists of all establishments classified on Statistics Canada's Business Register to the NAICS industry 5412 - Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping and payroll services. Professional, scientific and technical servicesĭata sources and methodology Target population.Business, consumer and property services.Reference period: The time period for which the ASPI equals 100 currently this is the year 2010.Ĭollection period: Data collection for the previous calendar year starts in June and finishes in November. This initiative fills an important data gap in the area of economic statistics, has resulted in a more comprehensive set of service price indexes, and allows Statistics Canada to produce more accurate estimates of real value added of the Gross Domestic Product and changes in productivity. The SPPI program develops and produces price indexes for a number of business service categories. These indexes are a part of the Services Producer Price Index program (SPPI) at Statistics Canada. The questionnaire asks the respondent to exclude from the year-over-year price change any value that is attributable to a change in the characteristics of the service offered between the two consecutive years. The index measures the year-over-year percentage change in the prices of repeated services of constant-quality products. In addition, the indexes are used by the Canada's System of Macroeconomic Accounts to arrive at estimates of real value added Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the industry and to measure changes in productivity. The ASPI series is a useful indicator of economic activity in the accounting services industry, and can also prove helpful as a supplementary tool for performance evaluation, cost monitoring, contract assessment and benchmark comparisons. The Accounting Services Price Index (ASPI) is a longitudinal annual survey that collects information on the prices of accounting services. Questionnaire(s) and reporting guide(s).The purpose of this survey is to measure the price change of accounting services on an annual basis. ![]() The blue curve reflects the computational time time for the parameter optimization process when using Pse-Analysis of one CPU core to process the five subsets for nucleosome positioning prediction of Caenorhabditis elegans, while the red curve reflects the corresponding computational time when using Pse-Analysis of ten CPU cores to do the same.Īs pointed out in a comprehensive review paper, the general form of PseKNC (pseudo K-tuple nucleotide composition) can cover all the existing feature vectors for DNA/RNA sequences. ![]() The computational cost of Pse-Analysis can be significantly reduced by using multiprocessing technique It has been shown when dealing with the above case that the computing time for the parameter optimization process can be reduced by 6 folds when using 10 cores instead of a single core, as shown in Figure Figure2 2. In this regard, the multiprocessing technique has been applied to significantly speed up the computational processes. The computational speed in optimizing many different parameters is a bottleneck for the efficiency of the Pse-Analysis platform. into the package, and Pse-Analysis will automatically do all the remaining jobs: optimising sample formulation optimising operation engine conducting cross-validations and forming a web-server that is fully equivalent to the iNuc-PseKNC of. Now, with the Pse-Analysis package, what we need to do is just to input the benchmark dataset used by Guo et al. had praiseworthily developed a predictor called iNuc-PseKNC by going thru all the five procedures described in the Introduction section. Users can directly apply it on various relevant problems, substantially saving a lot of time to repeat tedious for developing an effective predictor.įor instance, it is a very important task to effectively predict nucleosome positioning in genomes. Note: the meaning of the “output” here is not limited in the predicted results for the original query biological sequence data submitted along with the benchmark dataset, but also include an optimal predictor. The “predict.py” is to generate the output. It includes four steps: (1) feature extraction, (2) parameter selection, (3) model training, and (4) cross validation. ![]() The “train.py” is designed for training a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model. The “predict.py” is for using the trained model to predict the query samples and evaluate their prediction quality by a set of widely used metrics Acc, MCC, Sn, Sp, and AUC. It contains four procedures i.e., feature extraction, parameter selection, model training, and cross validation. The “train.py” script is for training the predictive model based on the benchmark dataset submitted by the user. The flowchart of Pse-Analysis Python package All the tedious things in the aforementioned steps (2)–(5) can be totally skipped and leave them to be fulfilled by the computer. The users only need to input their benchmark dataset and the query biological sequences, followed by getting their desired results from the output of the Pse-Analysis system. To speed up such processes, we are to propose a Python package called Pse-Analysis, which is based on the framework of LIBSVM and which can automatically generate the predictor desired by users. Each of the five procedures is time-consuming and tedious, particularly in how to select the optimal parameters for the samples concerned and for the operation engine adopted. It is quite laborious even if using computational approches to deal with these problems since the development of each computational predictor needs to undergo the following five steps : (1) benchmark dataset preparation, (2) optimise sample formulation, (3) optimize operation engine, (4) conduct cross-validations, and (5) establish a web-server. PPBS (proire-protein binding sites, as well as a long list of references cited in a recent comprehensive review. įor protein/peptide sequences, they are about how to identify various PTM (Posttranslational Modification) sites, anticancer peptides, interactions between drugs and target proteins, PPI (protein-protein interaction). For DNA/RNA sequences, these problems are about how to identify the recombination spots, nucleosome positioning, promoters, microRNA precursors, enhancers, translation initiation sites, various PTRM (postpost-replication modification) sites in DNA and PTCM (post-transcriptiom modification) sites in RNA, RNA pseudouridine sites, DNA origin of replication, adenosine to inosine editing sites in RNA, and many more other topics as mentioned in a recent review article. With the explosive growth of biological sequences in the post-genomic age, we are facing a lot of binary classification problems. |
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